ISSUE 030 March/April 2025 In conversation with Tony Fong l Bobcat T7X electric compact truck loader dossier l Cybersecurity focus l Motor testing insight l Fellten’s Charge Qube l HIL testing insight l Battery leak testing focus

THE COMMUNICATIONS HUB OF THE ELECTRIFIED POWERTRAIN Read all back issues and exclusive online-only content at www.emobility-engineering.com ISSUE 030 | MAR/APR 2025 UK £15 USA $30 EUROPE €22 Attack surface No escape Improving vehicle cybersecurity Options for battery leak testing Meet the electric workhorse that’s redefining construction Diesel defeater Age of affordable Publisher Nick Ancell Technology Editor Nick Flaherty Production Editor Vickie Johnstone Contributors Peter Donaldson Will Gray Editorial Consultant Ian Bamsey Technical Consultants Ryan Maughan Danson Joseph Dr Nabeel Shirazee Design Andrew Metcalfe Ad Sales Please direct all enquiries to Nick Ancell nick@highpowermedia.com Tel: +44 1934 713957 Subscriptions Please direct all enquiries to Frankie Robins frankie@highpowermedia.com Tel: +44 1934 713957 Publishing Director Simon Moss Marketing & PR Manager Claire Ancell General Manager Chris Perry Office Administrator Lisa Selley Volume Seven | Issue Two March/April 2025 High Power Media Limited Whitfield House, Cheddar Road, Wedmore, Somerset, BS28 4EJ, England Tel: +44 1934 713957 www.highpowermedia.com ISSN 2631-4193 Printed in Great Britain ©High Power Media All rights reserved. Reproduction (in whole or in part) of any article or illustration without the written permission of the publisher is strictly prohibited. While care is taken to ensure the accuracy of information herein, the publisher can accept no liability for errors or omissions. Nor can responsibility be accepted for the content of any advertisement. SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscriptions are available from High Power Media at the address above or directly from our website www.highpowermedia.com. Overseas copies are sent via air mail. EDITORIAL OPPORTUNITIES Do you have a strong technical knowledge of one or more aspects of e-mobility systems? As we grow we are on the lookout for experts who can contribute to these pages. If that sounds an interesting challenge then don’t hesitate to explore the possibility of writing for us by emailing ian@highpowermedia.com ADVERTISING OPPORTUNITIES If you are looking to promote your company to engineers active in the electrification of vehicles, we have various advertising packages available to suit your needs. With a maximum of 25% of the publication allocated to advertising we offer a unique opportunity to become one of E-Mobility Engineering’s exclusive advertising partners, ensuring you are not lost in a crowded market. To discuss the opportunities and how we can work with you to promote your company please contact Nick Ancell nick@highpowermedia.com +44 1934 713957 THE COMMUNICATIONS HUB OF THE ELECTRIFIED POWERTRAIN SUBSCRIBE TODAY visit www.highpowermedia.com ALSO FROM HPM The age of the affordable EV has pretty much arrived. For years, one criticism of the industry was that the vehicles were unaffordable. Now, Renault’s €15,000 (£12,500) Dacia Sprint has been joined by vehicles from Chinese carmakers BYD and Leapmotor at similar prices, meeting all of the European safety and cybersecurity standards. But the promise of a low-cost EV from the world’s second-largest carmaker, Volkswagen, marks the arrival of a mass market, with its ID. 2all and ID.every1 at similar price points. All of this has emerged from incremental improvements in e-mobility engineering and technology, and this is set to accelerate. An AI tool that optimises the electric powertrain design for different vehicles, from affordable to luxury, is now being used commercially (see Grid, page 6), while the learning from early implementations of cybersecurity systems is being applied across platforms to meet coming European regulations (see page 32) at an affordable cost. Testing techniques for the powertrain are being optimised (see Battery Leak Testing, page 64), while hardware-in-the loop (see page 56) is being linked to the driving experience early on in the design process and providing the code for production test systems. All of this will lower the cost of platforms, and speed up the development and manufacturing process for the next generation of EVs. Nick Flaherty Technology Editor 4 Intro | March/April 2025 March/April 2025 | E-Mobility Engineering Ocean Pioneer How ACUA Ocean engineers its H-USVs for certification Plug and go Connectors keep up with big data Swarm mentality New tech for simultaneous autonomy Read all back issues online www.ust-media.com UST 60 : FEB/MAR 2025 UK £15, USA $30, EUROPE €22 ELECTRIC, HYBRID & INTERNAL COMBUSTION for PERFORMANCE ISSUE 157 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2025 New frontiers Additive manufacturing materials Dakar power play Prodrive’s Ford and Nissan V6s Ford’s ultimate V6 Inside the GT Mk IV’s RYE-developed turbo www.highpowermedia.com UK £15, US/CN $25, EUROPE €22

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